Restricted Stock Units are unsecured, unfunded promises to pay cash or stock in the future and are considered nonqualified deferred compensation subject to IRC §§ 3121(v)(2), 451 and 409A. Typically, one Restricted Stock Unit represents one share of actual stock. Restricted Stock Units generally are not taxable at grant if they meet the requirements of, or otherwise are exempt from, IRC §§ 451 and 409A. Generally, a taxable event does not take place until the vesting of the Restricted Stock Unit. In addition, Restricted Stock Units are not considered property for purposes of IRC §83 since no actual property has been transferred, and therefore an IRC §83(b) election cannot be made with respect to the grant of a Restricted Stock Unit.
Restricted Stock Units Settled with Stock
A Restricted Stock Unit payable in stock is similar to a Restricted Stock Award, except that the employer does not transfer the stock to the employee until the Restricted Stock Unit vests. Restricted Stock Units settled in stock are subject to IRC §§ 451 and 409A (unless they satisfy an exception) but are not subject to IRC §83 at grant. Restricted Stock Units settled in stock are subject to IRC §83 only when the stock is actually transferred to the employee. Typically, the value of the stock transferred is includable in the income of the service provider and a corresponding deduction allowed to the service recipient.
Restricted Stock Units Settled With Cash
A Restricted Stock Unit payable in cash is an arrangement under which the employee has the right to receive the value of the unit on the date the unit vests. Restricted Stock Units payable in cash are never subject to IRC §83 because no property is ever transferred. The amount of cash received upon vesting of the Restricted Stock Unit is includible in income of the service provider and a corresponding deduction is allowed to the service recipient.